Text Box: Links to the rest of the websites are given at bottom of page.
Text Box: A team of astronomers led by Wendy Freedman of the Carnegie Observatories in Pasadena, California, published a long-awaited measurement of the universe’s expansion rate, determined from Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of pulsating stars in a far-off cluster of galaxies. The result unnerved astronomers. The measured expansion rate was so fast that it implied that the universe has been slowing down for a mere 8 billion years since the big bang. … The crisis intensified the next year, when Craig Hogan of the University of Washington, Seattle, and Michael Bolte of the Lick Observatory in Santa Cruz, California, published a careful study of the nests of old stars called globular clusters, which reconfirmed earlier age estimates of about 16 billion years. The universe, it seemed, was just half the age of its oldest inhabitants. Something appeared to be drastically wrong with the observations, or with cosmologists’ basic picture of the universe. … The Universe Shows Its Age, Andrew Watson, RESEARCH NEWS, Science, 13 February 1998; pp 981-983
Text Box: Last week Wendy Freedman of the Carnegie Observatories and 13 colleagues announced, in the journal Nature, that observations with the refurbished Hubble Space Telescope imply that the universe is 8 billion years young. Since some stars are 16 billion years old, says astronomer George Jacoby of the National Optical Astronomy Observatories in Tucson, Ariz., cosmology is “in a time of crisis.” Last week’s low estimate is no fluke. Astronomers have battled over the age of the universe ever since Edwin Hubble discovered, in 1929, that the universe is expanding and so must have originated in a big bang. … Don’t look for a resolution to the age crisis tomorrow. As [Sidney] van den Bergh [of Dominion Astrophysical Observatory in British Columbia] describes the quest, quoting Mark Twain: “The researches of many commentators have already thrown much darkness on this subject, and it is probably that, if they continue, we shall soon know nothing at all about it.”… The Cosmic Dating Game, Sharon Begley, Newsweek, 7 November 1994; p 55
       
       A Nobel Response      Einstein Legacy      Mission Stardust   Earth Central ESO Letters                 LIGO
       Lateral Thoughts     Black Holes      The Galactic Superwind Space Station Expt The Quasar                 WMAP
       The ITER Letters      Dark Energy      The Antineutrino Debut Project APOLLO The Protostar  
       The ITER Test      Star Formation      The Pioneer Anomaly Supersolidity The Triple Sunset  
                   
Text Box: Says Alexei Filippenko, a University of California, Berkeley, astronomer who was on the team that made the Hubble observations: “This is fantastic stuff … it might lead to a revolution in cosmology.”… If the age estimate is wildly wrong, then there could be a flaw – possibly a fatal flaw – in the Big Bang theory. … Oops … Wrong Answer, Michael D. Lemonick & Dick Thompson, Time, 7 November 1994; p 65
Text Box: You mean, Mother Nature is younger than some of her kids? And it takes public funding for science today to make such ‘findings’? Get Real! And science just did …and about time, too! There’s a book out now on it – And now, the long-awaited... "THEORY OF EVERYTHING" Hello! I am Eugene Sittampalam the author In these days of razzle-dazzle and catchy book names with little new substance to show, other than recent science history, it may be hard to put out a genuine piece of work bearing such a title. I myself would tend to be very cynical. I cannot expect others not to be. What I can perhaps only do under the circumstances is make a pledge here to readers that they will at least get their money back, including postage, should they find the book to be anything short of what its title says. No questions asked. A free copy, too, may be ordered by anyone c/o a school principal or university department head, whose name and postal address may be sent to me by e-mail. Here, in the meantime… Welcome to my website for the book. Even if you do not have much interest in science, you’re still likely to find the book to be of interest. (If gravity affects you, you may be curious to know what it is really and simply. If you’re a taxpayer, you may want a glimpse of where a good part of your tax money is being spent.) On the other hand, science students and teachers especially should find the book an invaluable possession, with free updates and their questions answered with illustrations at this site. And to all readers – your critical comments on the book and on the material here in these web pages would be much appreciated. No matter where in the world you are, you’ll always find me just seconds away from you – on: eugenesittampalam (at) gmail.com
Text Box: But, first, the answer to your likely first question, “Basically, what has made it all to converge now to a single – and that, too, a purely classical mechanical – theory?” In a nutshell: Mass and energy are not only equivalent but the two are fundamentally one and the same. We term this singular concept – mass-energy. The atom (or molecule) is thus the condensed form of mass-energy (vibrant at sub-c speeds); and electromagnetic radiation the evaporated form (vibrant at escape speed c). The space and time of the Cosmic Background Radiation (CBR) serve us – in effect – as absolute space and absolute time, respectively. Thus, matter and vacuum alike, our entire observable universe is a voidless and seamless single continuum in vibrant mass-energy featured in an absolute (three-dimensional) space frame in absolute (one-dimensional) time. The natural vibration of the atom at any given level is the recoil effect of net condensation (inhalation) followed by net evaporation (exhalation) of mass-energy over a cycle at that level. THE ATOM IS THUS A BREATHING ENTITY even in its so-called ground state. And these breathing exchanges at the various atomic levels (and corresponding frequencies) between matter and vacuum form the springboard of quantum mechanics. Electromagnetic and nuclear forces are thus the consequence of the breathing of the atomic constituents, electrons and nucleons (attracting during influx and repelling over efflux, making Coulomb charges redundant); and harmony in such breathing among subatomic and atomic particles is fundamental to all physical (and chemical) interactions in nature, with the CBR providing the overall confining, or gravitational, effect on atoms. All the now-considered fundamental forces of nature thus become accounted for, with such simple explanations also following readily for all of the other physical phenomena in nature. Typically, the breathing exchanges occur with net effect around the equator as well as at the poles of the basic proton and electron. Irrespective of the subatomic particle, the equatorial exhalation waxes the spin, from a nonvanishing seminal spin, to ħ = h/2π, over a half cycle (where h is Planck’s constant, a pure wave number); which spin quantum, ħ, then drops back over the inhalation half cycle, to give the particle the statistical and characteristic half-spin, ħ/2, over the cycle – now derivable from first principles. The equatorial exchanges underlie also the electrical effect, while the polar exchanges are indeed the magnetic flux. Protons and electrons are thus the primary magnetic dipoles, with polar exhalation at the north and inhalation at the south. (And, since breathing in and breathing out are complementary, where one can never occur without the other, the magnetic monopole is a physical nonentity! Sorry, Prof. Steven Weinberg!) Hence, it is spin and spin alone of the proton or electron that remains an absolute constant for the particle under any environment and not any "charge" on the particle. Not surprisingly, there is one and only one fundamental particle required for physical analysis in this all-embracing theory. Thus, whittled down to the ideal and smallest quantum detectable, it is – the per-cycle quantum of the photon. It is given due recognition and named here the RADIATON (note spelling!). Hence, analytically, radiatons uniquely constitute all that is nature. Thus, for example, the classical mass of a body or energy of a photon would simply be its (dimensionless) radiaton number. Further, only one new entity is introduced (and many old ones made redundant) in this final concept. It is the COSMIC CORE, the largest mass-energy quantum in observable space. Like atomic nuclei do in a body of matter, Cosmic Cores dot our universe. [Note on “our universe”: With distance from us, the redshift of cosmic bodies would merge with the CBR; thus, beyond a critical distance and (corresponding) time, no objects at all would be discernible; and, being beyond our observation, they also remove themselves outside the scope of our physics and our universe; the cosmological redshift, apart from any Doppler shift, being due simply to intrinsic mass-energy loss of the photon packet by recoil action every time the packet accelerates laterally in asymmetric ambient fields en route while maintaining a constant line speed (c) through the vacuum mass-energy field; photons, non-breathing as they are, never recouping lost mass-energy unlike breathing atoms do (by breathing in more mass-energy than breathing out over a cycle; and vice versa when losing mass-energy).] Finally, two and only two laws are assumed a priori across the entire realm of physics. They are (corresponding to the first law of thermodynamics) the conservation of mass-energy and (corresponding to the second law of thermodynamics) the conservation of its asymmetry, or handedness, of motion (a nonzero net linear momentum coupled with a nonzero net spin). [Note: The radiaton is the classic perfectly elastic particle where mass and energy are intrinsic (nontransferable) and momentum and momentum alone is transferred in encounters between such indefatigable particles. The radiaton is thus the very embodiment of the first law; and radiatons collectively manifest the second law (wherein may well lie the key to biology and to the mind itself); the second law being is more evident in the perpetual nonzero net linear and spin motions of the basic proton or electron.]. Now, with this framework in perspective, let us take a step back, remove our blinkers, and behold that final model getting only further embellished with our increasing (and verified!) empirical data right here in these pages.
     And now, the long-awaited... "Theory of Everything" was published in New York on 1 March 1999.  
      A personal presentation of this research work was also made at the American Physical Society   
       meeting in Washington DC on 30 April 2001.  For more on the background, please click   here  
 
   How best to order a copy? Please click  here  
   
Text Box: A parting thought... We may think we know a lot today; but the strange truth is: the more we learn, the more we also become aware of the enormity of our ignorance. True learning is thus a humbling experience; it causes us to be meek, in the noblest sense of the word; and makes us that much better beings for a that much better world. Little wonder, of such evolution of man, was said by that Great Guru transcending space and time: And the meek shall inherit the earth. Adios! Eugene Sittampalam